HIV-1 utilizes two major co-receptors along with CD4 to bind to, fuse with, and enter target cells; these co-receptors are CCR5 and CXCR4, which are also receptors for certain endogenous chemokines.
Strains of HIV that utilize CCR5 as a co-receptor are referred to as R5 viruses.
Strains of HIV that utilize CXCR4 are referred to as X4 viruses.
Many virus strains are dual tropic in that they utilize both CCR5 and CXCR4; these are referred to as R5X4 viruses.
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